By Dr Lynda Shaw, neuroscientist, business psychologist and change specialist
During these unprecedented times, more and more people are feeling overwhelmed, with women in particular taking most of the brunt of working from home whilst simultaneously juggling the children who may or may not be at school. A recent survey in Canada found that younger men and women aged between 20-35, and 55 years and over, are particularly susceptible to feelings of burnout. But anyone can feel burnout.
Burnout can be caused by periods of additional anxiety or pressure, difficulty separating work and personal life, or a work/life balance that is out of kilter. Working too long hours, spreading yourself too thin, and especially at the moment, facing pressures of an uncertain job market meaning we may feel we have to do even more to stand out, will all contribute. Feeling burnout can influence every aspect of your life from your work to relationships to your physical and mental health and can leave you feeling like you have very little left to give.
THE NEUROSCIENCE
Think of stress like a set of scales; on one side are real or imagined pressures and on the other is how we cope with those pressures. If those scales tip because the pressure is more than we can cope with then we become overwhelmed in the longer term.
There are two biological pathways that mediate our stress response. The Sympathetic-Adrena-medullar (SAM) axis is the first pathway to respond and is very quick. The sympathetic nervous system activates the adrenal medulla to release adrenaline and noradrenalin so our heart rate increases, blood pressure goes up and we get a boost of energy and, consequently, our โfight or flightโ response is activated. This is tolerable in the short term and we recover once the perceived threat has passed.
The second biological reaction to stress involves the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis which is slower to respond and is triggered via signals from the hypothalamus and pituitary release of cortisol from the adrenal glands. We need the right amount of cortisol to survive and it enhances our brainโs use of glucose as fuel or energy and also helps us repair tissue, but cortisol can become toxic if allowed to continue for long. Persistent and overreaction of these stress systems can be detrimental to our health.
We need the Parasympathetic Nervous System (rest and digest) to take over from the Sympathetic Nervous System (fight or flight) to feel calm, but still alert enough to function well. The Parasympathetic Nervousย Systemย takes over to calm everything down and our blood pressure, respiratory and heart rates slow.
HOW TO DEAL WITH BURNOUT IN THE FIRST INSTANCE
- KNOW WHEN THINGS ARE SEVERELY OUT OF BALANCE… Accept that there are sometimes periods of short-term stress, especially when you have to put in longer hours at work or have to deal with a certain situation, but it becomes detrimental when it is dominates your life over a longer period.
- IDENTIFY THE SIGNALS EARLYโฆ Signs of burnout include fatigue, irritability, sleepless nights despite feelings of exhaustion, anxiety and physiological changes in your body like raised blood pressure.
- TALK TO SOMEONE ABOUT HOW YOU FEELโฆ If you feel nervous about telling your work that you need a break or changes to be implemented, then talk to a close colleague, friend or family member first. Having a chat with someone who knows you well might offer you reassurance or another way at looking at things.
- PRIORITISE SLEEPโฆto improve your concentration, memory and decision making and your overall physical and mental health. Look closely at your โsleep hygieneโ and limit caffeine after midday, avoid screen time in the one to two hours before bedtime and have regular bed and getting up times.
- DISCONNECT TO RECHARGEโฆ To prevent chronic stress, you need to take some time to recharge and disconnect from work completely so when you take time out, make sure you really are โoffโ, including holidays, your evenings and weekends. Block out some time for hobbies and seeing family and friends to help your physical, mental and emotional well-being. The brain is more efficient when it has produced a cocktail of โfeel-goodโ neurotransmitters, so prioritising pleasant pursuits in your spare time means you will be far more productive during your working day.
GOING FORWARDS – HOW TO MAKE CHANGES AT WORK FOR THE BETTER
EMPLOYERS MUST STEP UPโฆA responsible and good employer wonโt let their employees get ground down or haveย a mentality of employee disposabilityย because apart from protecting the welfare of their employees,ย avoidingย burnout means better productivity, creativity and a low turnover of employees.
THEREโS NO SHAME IN ASKING FOR HELPโฆ Admitting you need help at work (or any time) can be really hard as you may feel like your competency will be called into question. Maybe there arenโt enough hours in the day to do what is being asked of you, or the work is simply beyond your scope and experience. If this is the case, ask for a meeting with your boss and set out exactly what it is you need support with. Showing you need training in some areas can help to build trust, create networks and strengthen relationships between you and your team.
COLLOBORATE WITH WORKMATES TO SPREAD THE LOADโฆ and keep your manager in the loop about what you are doing so they know you are being proactive. Being collaborative and working as a collective is an important skill, and if they are ever in your boat, they know they will be able to call on you too.
ESTABLISH BOUNDARIESโฆ Create clear boundaries and stick to them, such as not checking your emails once youโve clocked off and having agreed working hours. Turn off phone notifications you donโt need and donโt accept phone calls if it isnโt a good time.
PLAN YOUR DAY โฆPrioritise urgent tasks and be realistic about how long a task or project could take and factor in breaks. Know your most productive time of day so you do the most important or tricky tasks when you are at your best. Donโt try to multitask. Focus on one thing at a time and give it your full attention.
AVOID DISTRACTIONS… Interruptions, false starts and procrastination cloud our perception of how much time we actually spend productively. Avoid disruptions. Stress related brain fog is definitely a thing because when stressed, your brain struggles to process things as it normally would.
SOMETIMES YOU JUST NEED TO TAKE TENโฆ If you are feeling stressed, know when to take time out to allow your mind time to recover and recuperate. Try going outside for a short walk to allow your mind to reset. Build regular short breaks into your everyday work.
